Construction represents a major global challenge in terms of combating climate change. It is expected that 186 billion square meters of buildings will be built by 2060. Since the Industrial Revolution, humanity has undergone intense urbanization.
According to the UN, 55% of people live in cities and this percentage is expected to reach almost 70% in 2050. The emerging countries with late industrialization had even more accelerated processes. The percentage of urban population in Brazil increased from 36.2% in 1950 to 55.9% in 1970 and reached almost 85% in 2015.
The move of most people to cities, combined with the need for infrastructure that connects us in a globalized world, has generated enormous demand for civil construction.
1 Do Censo (1950 e 1970) e da PNAD (2015), Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.
2 Bill Gates. “Buildings are bad for the climate”. Gates Notes, 28 out. 2019. gatesnotes.com/Energy/Buildings-are-good-for-people-and-bad-for-the-climate
3 World Steel Association. “Steel’s contribution to a low carbon future”. worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:c3acc5fd-e3c2-458c-a2cc-8c4880b9334c/Steel%2527s+contribution+to+a+low+carbon+future.pdf
4 National Ready Mixed Concrete Association. “Concrete CO2 Fact Sheet: February 2012”. http://docshare02.docshare.tips/files/27104/271046448.pdf
5 Global Cement and Concrete Association. “Climate Ambition”. gccassociation.org/climate-ambition/
6 Christian Hoffmann; Michel Van Hoey; Benedikt Zeumer, “Decarbonization challenge for steel”. McKinsey & Company, 3 jun. 2020. mckinsey.com/industries/metals-and-mining/our-insights/decarbonization-challenge-for-steel#
7 Associação Brasileira de Cimento Portland. “Panorama do Coprocessamento. Brasil 2020 (Ano Base 2018)”. 19 out. 2020. coprocessamento.org.br/panorama-do-coprocessamento-brasil-2020/.
8 Jim Robbins. “As Mass Timber Takes Off, How Green Is This New Building Material?”. Yale Environment 360, 9 abr. 2019. e360.yale.edu/features/as-mass-timber-takes-off-how-green-is-this-new-building-material
9 Melissa Locker. “It’s 2018 and Tokyo is about to build a giant wooden skyscraper”. Fast Company, 20 fev. 2018. fastcompany.com/40533291/its-2018-and-tokyo-is-about-to-build-a-giant-wooden-skyscraper
10 Empresa de Pesquisa Energética. “Uso de Ar Condicionado no Setor Residencial Brasileiro: Perspectivas e contribuições para o avanço em eficiência energética”. epe.gov.br/pt/imprensa/noticias/uso-de-ar-condicionado-no-setor-residencial-brasileiro-perspectivas-e-contribuicoes-para-o-avanco-em-eficiencia-energetica
11 GBC Brasil. “Compreenda o LEED” gbcbrasil.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Compreenda-o-LEED-1.pdf